Chad Lawrence

1.1 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:

1. The company that popularized personal computing was Apple.
2. The computer that made personal computing legitimate in business and industry was the IBM Personal Computer.
3. Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called computer programs.
4. The six key logical units of the computer are the input unit, output unit, memory unit, arithmetic and logic unit, central processing unit, and the secondary storage unit.
5. The three classes of languages discussed in the chapter are machine languages, assembly languages, and high-level languages.
6. The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are called compilers.
7. Tagging, or labelling content, is another key part of the collaborative theme of Web 2.0.
8. With Internet applications, the desktop evolves to the webtop.
9. Refactoring involves reworking code to make it clearer and easier to maintain while preserving its functionality.
10. With open source development, individuals and companies contribute their efforts in developing, maintaining, and evolving software in exchange for the right to use that software for their own purposes, typically at no charge.
11. The ARPANET was the predecessor to the Internet.
12. The information-carrying capacity of a communications medium like the Internet is called bandwidth.
13. The acronym TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.

1.2 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:

1. The World Wide Web allows computer users to locate and view multimedia-based documents on almost any subject over the Internet.
2. Tim Berners-Lee founded an organization called the World Wide Web Consortum (W3C) devoted to developing nonproprietary, interoperable technologies for the World Wide Web.
3. Objects are reusable software components that model items in the real world.
4. In a typical client/server relationship the client requests that some action be performed and the server performs the action and responds.

1.3 Categorize each of the following items as either hardware or software:

1. CPU - hardware
2. ALU - hardware
3. input unit - hardware
4. an editor program - software

1.4 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:

1. Which logical unit of the computer receives information from outside the computer for use by the computer? Input Unit
2. The process of instructing the computer to solve specific problems is called computer programming
3. What type of computer language uses English-like abbreviations for machine-language instructions? Assembly Language
4. Which logical unit of the computer sends information that has already been processed by the computer to various devices so that the information may be used outside the computer? Output Unit
5. Which logical units of the computer retain information? Memory Unit and Secondary Storage Unit
6. Which logical unit of the computer performs calculations? ALU
7. Which logical unit of the computer makes logical decisions? ALU
8. The level of computer language most convenient for you to write programs quickly and easily is High-Level Programming Language.
9. The only language that a computer directly understands is called that computer's Machine Language.
10. Which logical unit of the computer coordinates the activities of all the other logical units? CPU
11. Some organizations report that the key benefit object-oriented programming gives them is the production of software which is more understandable, better organized and easier to maintain, modify and debug.
12. Web 2.0 embraces an architecture of participation - a design that encourages user interaction and community contributions.
13. Collective intelligence is the concept that a large diverse group of people will create smart ideas.

1.5 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements (based on Section 1.5, Software Technologies):

1. The open source database management system used in LAMP development is MySQL
2. A key advantage of Software as a Service (SaaS) is the software runs on servers elsewhere on the Internet.
3. Design patterns are proven architectures for constructing flexible and maintainable object-oriented software.
4. PHP is the most popular open source server-side "scripting" language for developing Internet-based applications.

1.6 What is the relationship between JavaScript and ECMAScript?:

ECMAScript is the standardization of JavaScript by ECMA International.

1.7 In this Chapter, we discussed a few popular Web 2.0 businesses including MySpace, Flickr, YouTube and Wikipedia. Identify a Web 2.0 business and describe why it fits the Web 2.0 business model.

Twitter - the company has created a platform while the actual "content" (tweets) is created by the users. Without the "architecture of participation" the business would have no value.