Competency 3

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Invasion Games

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Competency 3 – Invasion Games: Soccer and Football

 

SOCCER

Laws of Motion for Kicking a Soccer Ball

 

·        NEWTON’S FIRST LAW: This law states that an external force must act on a resting object to cause to move or to stop an object from already moving. For example, a soccer ball will not move without any force acted upon it. When making a pass you use force to make the ball travel to the receiver. This same goes for if the ball is moving. The receiver must stop the ball or else it will continue moving. An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

 

·        NEWTON’S THIRD LAW: This law states that for every force a body exerts on another, the second body exerts an equal force back onto the first in the opposite direction. This law is applied to kicking a soccer ball because for every action there is a equal and opposite reaction. When you use the force from your foot to pass the ball, it travels to the receiver. When the ball is received, it is pushing back on his/her foot while the receiver’s foot is also applying an equal and opposite force on the ball.

 

·        EXTENSION ON THE PROJECTING LIMB: This law states that when an athlete’s limb traces part of a circle which would be the leg kicking the soccer ball. The objects straight line velocity is determined by how fast the limb is moving and the length of the limb. Therefore when kicking a soccer ball your leg is being extended to pass the ball to you teammate or to the goal. How much you bring the leg back will determine how much power and force is applied to the ball.

 

Critical Elements for Kicking a Soccer Ball

 

PREPARATION

1. Use inside of the foot to pass

2. Focus on target

 

EXECUTION

1. Body leaned slightly forward

2. Pass should stay on the ground, not bouncy

3. Lead the receiver

4. Extension of the leg as foot is giving force to kick the ball

 

FOLLOW THROUGH

1. Leg continues going forward

2. Eye still continues to be on target

 

Ratliffe’s 4 Stages of Development for Soccer

 

 

·        PRE CONTROL: Skill is used with little or no critical elements. For example, the player is not looking at intended target. Their body posture in not correct for the kick either. Also, the player uses the toe of their foot to kick rather than the inside of his/her foot.

 

·        CONTROL: In the control stage the skill is not performed correctly every time but success does occur. The player is probably does not kick through the ball completely and you will see the passes being bouncy and not on the ground to the receiver.

 

 

·        UTILIZATION: By this stage, most of the critical elements are demonstrated correctly. The skill is performed well with only a few mistakes. Passes are completed well and they have good body positioning and a proper follow through.

 

·        PROFICIENCY: Skill is performed very well with no mistakes. In this stage of Ratliffe, all the critical elements are demonstrated to be a very skilled passer for soccer. The player is now ready to use this skill in a game.

Teaching Cue for Kicking a Soccer Ball

 

COMMON ERROR & TEACHING CUE: One common error most beginner soccer players have, especially at a young age, is kicking the ball with the toe or front of the foot. Many young players just go in and kick the ball as hard as they can have no idea where the ball will go or end up. A solution or teaching cue to fix this problem would be to have the students kick or pass the ball with the inside of the foot rather than the toe. Doing this will control the force behind the ball and the accuracy of the pass.

 

FOOTBALL

 

 

Laws of Motion for Throwing a Football

 

·        NEWTON’S FIRST LAW: This law states that an external force must act on a resting object to cause to move or to stop an object from already moving. When passing a football, you are taking your arm back which is applying force for when the ball is released. When the receiver catches the ball the force is being stopped in his/her hands. The receiver must stop the ball or else it will continue moving in the art. An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

 

·        EXTENSION ON THE PROJECTING LIMB: This law states that when an athlete’s limb traces part of a circle which would be the arm throwing the football. The objects straight line velocity is determined by how fast the limb is moving and the length of the limb.

 

Critical Elements for Throwing a Football

 

PREPARATION

 

1. Opposition during throwing patterns

2. Arm over top -  no side arms

3. Hand on laces

4. Eye on target

 

EXECUTION

1. Step with opposition

2. Throwing arm is bent slightly at elbow

3. Ball is released when the arm is fully extended

 

FOLLOW THROUGH

1. Roll ball of hand

2. Throwing arm ends up at the opposite hip

 

Ratliffe’s 4 Stages of Development for Football

 

·        PRE CONTROL: Skill is used with little or no critical elements. In this stage, the passer will not have an over hand throw. The pass would be a side arm throw. Eyes are not on the target and opposition in not performed as the player makes the pass.

 

·        CONTROL: In the control stage the skill is not performed correctly every time but success does occur. There are a few careless mistakes in this stage of the pass. There is good eye contact with the target but mot the follow through of the pass does not go to the opposite hip. Also in this stage, you will see the player release the ball too early.

 

·        UTILIZATION: Skill is performed well with a few mistakes. At this stage, most critical elements are demonstrated correctly. Eyes always on the target and throwing arm follow through to opposite hip and arm is fully extended when the ball is released.

 

·        PROFICIENCY: Skill is performed very well with no mistakes. In this stage of Ratliffe, all the critical elements are demonstrated to correctly for game like situations.

 

Teaching Cues for Throwing a Football

 

·        COMMON ERROR & TEACHING CUE: A common error for passing a football is the ball is released with the arm more to the side causing a side arm pass. When this type of pass is made you have less control of the ball because your palm is upward. A solution for this problem would be making an over arm throw meaning after the ball is released you arm is going down. Also when making a pass the player wants the ball to be close to the ear not far away. The side arm throw will be ineffective.

 

·        COMMON ERROR & TEACHING CUE: Another common error for passing a football is where the ball is released and not follows through completely. Most novice players release the football to early which will have no follow through. Releasing the football to early will also cause the pass to be too short for problem would be releasing the football as your arm is fully extended making your follow through coming to your opposite hip. Releasing the football with your arm fully extended will make passes more accurate.

 

Form Follows Function for Soccer and Football

 

An example of form follows function for passing a football and kicking a soccer ball are very similar. When passing a football and your trying to get a 1st down to move the chains you will use short passes which means less force behind the throw of the ball. When you are down and score and need to throw a deep ball you want to put more force on the football which will make it go farther so the pass can be completed. An example for form follows function in soccer would also be for short and long passes. When kicking the ball short you do not want your leg fully extended as if you were kicking a far pass down the field making your leg fully extended. Also, there will be more force applied when kicking a long pass.

 

Resources

Mitchell, S.A., Oslin, J.L., & Griffin L.L. (2006). Teaching Sport Concepts and Skills: A Tactical Game Approach. (2nd Ed.).  Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

 

LaVine, M. (n.d.). FLMS. 2007 . Kent, OH: Wordsmiths.

 

wikiHow. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2009, from How to Kick a Soccer Ball: http://www.wkikhow.com/kick-a-soccer-ball

 

wikiHow. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2009, from How to Throw a Football: http://www.wkikhow.com/Throw-a-Football